For countries without pipeline connections, LNG imports are essential. The floating storage and regasification unit market provides the floating terminals that make this possible. An FSRU is a moored vessel equipped with storage tanks and regasification equipment. It connects to the local gas grid via a subsea pipeline (or a jetty). FSRUs are particularly attractive for "first-mover" markets, where demand does not yet justify an onshore terminal. As the world seeks to increase gas supply, the floating storage and regasification unit market is expanding.

The broader FSRU market is built on this technology. A key component is the "mooring system." The FSRU is moored to a jetty (quayside) or via a tower yoke mooring (offshore). The floating storage and regasification unit market for "spread mooring" (multiple anchors) is used for offshore FSRUs. The floating storage and regasification unit market for "dynamic positioning" (thrusters) is used for FSRUs that need to move between locations (but less common).

Another key component is the "regasification system." The floating storage and regasification unit market for "shell and tube" vaporizers (using seawater) is the most common. The floating storage and regasification unit market for "ambient air" vaporizers (using air) is used in warmer climates. The floating storage and regasification unit market for "intermediate fluid" vaporizers (using a heat transfer fluid) is more efficient. The floating storage and regasification unit market for "duty" (regasification capacity) is measured in million metric tons per year (MMTPA).

The floating storage and regasification unit market for "gas send-out" includes a metering and odorization (adding mercaptan for leak detection) system. The floating storage and regasification unit market for "pressure control" ensures the gas enters the pipeline at the correct pressure. The floating storage and regasification unit market for "gas quality" measurement (calorific value, Wobbe index) is important for billing.

The floating storage and regasification unit market for "boil-off gas" (BOG) management is critical. LNG constantly evaporates (boils off) due to heat ingress. The floating storage and regasification unit market for "re-liquefaction" (condensing BOG back to liquid) is used on some FSRUs. The floating storage and regasification unit market for "BOG compression" and use as fuel for the vessel's engines is common.

Looking ahead, the floating storage and regasification unit market will see the deployment of "FSRU for small-scale" LNG (liquefying gas for use in trucks or ships). The floating storage and regasification unit market for "offshore" FSRUs (not connected to a jetty, using a subsea pipeline) will grow. As the LNG market evolves, the floating storage and regasification unit market will adapt.

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