The final link in the offshore wind chain is the transmission system. The offshore transmission substation market provides the offshore platform and the onshore connection point.
The Transmission System
The [LSI keyword: offshore transmission substation market] includes the offshore substation (as described), the export cables, and the onshore substation. The offshore transmission substation market for "offshore" platforms is the focus. The offshore transmission substation market for "onshore" substations (where the power is fed into the grid) is a related market. The offshore transmission substation market for "cable" landing (where the export cable comes ashore) is a civil engineering challenge. The offshore transmission substation market for "grid" connection must comply with grid codes (rules for connecting to the transmission network). The offshore transmission substation market for "reactive power" support is often required by grid operators. The offshore transmission substation market for "voltage" control is essential for grid stability.
The offshore transmission substation market is segmented by transmission distance. Short distance (under 80 km) uses AC transmission. The offshore transmission substation market for "AC" is simpler and cheaper. Long distance (over 80 km) uses HVDC transmission. The offshore transmission substation market for "HVDC" is more expensive but has lower losses. The offshore transmission substation market for "HVDC" also requires an onshore converter station.
Grid Stability and Black Start
The offshore transmission substation market is increasingly required to provide grid stability services. The offshore transmission substation market for "synthetic inertia" (providing fast frequency response) is needed as grids have less rotating mass from conventional power plants. The offshore transmission substation market for "black start" capability (restarting the grid after a blackout) is also being specified for some projects. The offshore transmission substation market for "grid-forming" converters (which can set grid frequency) is an advanced technology. As the offshore transmission substation market continues to evolve, the focus will be on "multi-terminal" HVDC (connecting multiple wind farms to a single grid connection), on "meshed" offshore grids (allowing power to flow between wind farms), and on "energy" storage integrated into the substation. The HVDC segment is the largest technology . The offshore transmission substation market is the gateway for offshore wind power to enter the electricity grid, and its reliability is essential for energy security.
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